Writing is a process of communicating a writer’s idea to the readers in written form. The primary role of writing is expressing the ideas and conveying the message. In expressing the ideas, a writer should explore their thought to make readers' interest in their writing. It makes the readers understand the messages clearly.
At the end of the writing process, the writer will produce a product of writing. It will be as the form of an essay, a paper or a story. Carino stated that writing can be taught in two ways; as a thing and as an activity. A product is important because it can communicate the writer purposes and the message to the readers clearly. To have a good product of writing, the writer should have a good process of writing. The writer should have a good plan and a clear purpose to make the readers understand the message.
Besides that, every writer has different purposes of writing. According to Laurel, there are six purposes of writing. The first is writing to explain or inform. In this kind of writing, the writers should know concretely and clearly about what information they want to inform, for example, writing an announcement or an article. The second is writing to persuade. It is usually has related to an advertisement. In this kind of writing, the writer must use the interesting words to catch the customer‟s attention.
The third is writing at school. It means that the writing that used to answer the essay question from the test of their examination. The fourth is business writing. In the business writing, the writer should focus in formal language, for example, writing a formal letter. The fifth is social writing. It is a social relationship, for example the letter between friends a nd the content is informal.
The last is artful writing. It is writing as one part of the art, for example, writing novels or short stories. Therefore, it can be concluded that the writers should know the purposes of their writing and the goal of the writing. The writers should also know who their readers will be.
In addition, in the process of learning a language, writing is one of the skills that should be mastered by the students. According to Hogue writing can and should be a simulating and challenging activity central to all learning and development. 4 From the writing process, the student will learn how to express their ideas and develop it into a good writing product.
Besides that, Herrel et al stated that writing activity involves some aspect of language in which the students are expected to employ all their background knowledge before starting to write. In writing activities, the students should explore their indirect language. The students should use their background knowledge to help them in writing. The background knowledge means the information that they have learned.
Hogue viewed that for the students, writing is a way to demonstrate their understanding and interpretation of concept and theory studies during the learning process. It means that writing is a form of the students‟ understanding about the lesson that they have learnt. From writing, the teacher can assess their students‟ knowledge and interpretation about the lesson.
There are some steps in writing that is planning, drafting, edit ing and final draft. The first is planning. It is a very important step. In this step, the writers decide the topic to select depending on the purposes of the writers itself. Then, the writers brainstorm their ideas about all things that are related to the topic and take notes about the ideas. The last, the writers make outlining of their writing to take the main points and sub points in the order in which writers plan write about them.
The second is drafting. The writers begin to write and the outline will be guided for the writers to write in the writing process. The writers should develop their ideas in the paragraph. The paragraph should be coherent between one with another.
The third is editing. The writers edit their draft to improve the content and the style of their writing to make it more interesting and readable. In the editing process, the writers should check their writing. When writers edit their draft, they will make some changes. They often add a whole paragraph or more, take out one or more paragraphs, change the order of paragraph, add or take out whole sentences, rewrite the sentences, change the vocabularies and so on.
The last is final draft. This step is very important in the writing process. In this step, the writer should rewrite the ir draft. The writer should take attention to detail of all words, sentences and paragraphs. It is the final paper of the writers writing and the result of the writing process.
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